What Factors can have an impact on the wound Healing Process from an oral surgery perspective? A Review

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process that involves a series of intricately regulated phases, each contributing to the restoration of tissue integrity. This comprehensive review dives into the fundamental aspects of wound healing, exploring the physiological mechanisms, phases, and influencing factors. The review begins with describing the significance of wound healing and navigates through sequential phases, such as hemostasis and inflammation, proliferation, remodelling, wound classification and closure techniques, thus providing insights into the diverse strategies employed in clinical settings. Much focus lies to bone healing, addressing both primary and secondary healing mechanisms, as well as the bone healing in extraction sockets. A significant segment of the review explores the factors affecting wound healing, which are categorized into local, surgical, and systemic factors encompassing ageing, diabetes mellitus, hormonal changes, immunocompromised conditions, medications, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and nutrition deficiency. A synthesis of the reviewed content highlights the interplay of these factors in the ‘wound healing’ process. Understanding these elements is imperative for clinicians and researchers alike to develop effective therapeutic interventions tailored to individual patient needs. This review serves as a valuable resource for those seeking a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics of wound healing in the human body.