Abstract
This chapter focuses on the contributions of electronics to seismology and geomagnetism. The electronics contributes best where its use provides solutions to problems not readily solved by other means. A seismic observatory today usually contains at least three instruments: one for sensing vertical motions and the other two for horizontal motions, north–south and east–west. The vertical sensing instrument is usually a weighted arm, spring-supported against gravity, and its natural period is 1 or 2 s, occasionally more. The horizontal sensing instruments are called “horizontal pendulums” and can be operated at longer periods. The vertical sensing instrument is effective in detecting the compressional waves, which are the first to arrive. The vacuum-tube amplifier developed by Wilson and Burgess is designed to operate from the light beam deflected by a sensitive moving coil galvanometer. It employs two phototubes, one on either side of a pair of mirrors set at right angles to each other. In this chapter, the applications of electronics to general seismology are discussed. The physical principles of the nuclear precession magnetometer are also described in the chapter.
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