Abstract
This literature review shows that recent studies are interested in the argument that non-spatial factors are as important to shopping center patronage as spatial factors. Understanding the effect of non-spatial factors on shopping center sales is important for at least three reasons: (1) non-spatial factors increase retailer differentiation in competitive retail markets; (2) they promote brand identity as retailers develop alternative non-store retail formats; and (3) they represent a source of shopping center intangible value. This review confirms that new empirical and theoretical efforts to model the non-spatial inter-store externalities, assess the trade-off between spatial and non-spatial factors, and measure the interactive retail image/mix effect would be particularly valuable.
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