What do human parasites with a chloroplast anyway?

Abstract

Apicomplexan parasites are a major threat to human health causing malaria and a variety of AIDS associated opportunistic infections. One of the most promising targets for chemotherapeutic intervention for this group of pathogens is the apicoplast. The apicoplast is a unique parasite organelle that was derived from a red algal endosymbiont. Genome analyses suggest that the apicoplast is engaged in a variety of biosynthetic activities that could be targeted for drug development. Using Toxoplasma gondii as a genetic model organism we are dissecting the apicoplast metabolism to identify the most effective choke points. Taking a broader biological view we are interested to understand which of the endosymbiont's functions is most critical and the reason for the continued presence of a plastid long after the loss of photosynthesis. Our current work is focused on the mechanisms and importance of parasite lipid synthesis in particular that of fatty acids and isoprenoids.