What dietary recommendations can be made to patients to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis?

Abstract

EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWER Increasing fluid intake, reducing soft drink consumption, and maintaining normal to high calcium intake (1,200 mg/d) in the setting of low-protein and low-salt diets will decrease the recurrence of calcium-based nephrolithiasis (SOR: B, meta-analysis of lower quality RCTs). Patients with oxalate stones and high urinary oxalate should limit oxalate intake and maintain normal calcium intake, whereas patients with low urinary citrate should increase consumption of fruits and vegetables and decrease animal protein in their diet. Patients with high urinary uric acid should limit animal protein consumption (SOR: C, expert opinion).