What controls layer thickness effects on the mechanical properties of additive manufactured polymers

Abstract

3D printed artefacts are becoming more common and the effect of printing parameters on their properties is key to their performance in applications. Although parameters like build orientation and raster direction are well-studied the effect of layer thickness (and its introduction of size effects into the properties of the material) is less well-known. This study determines the influence of layer thickness on the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and PETG (polyethlene terephtalate glycol) 3D printed specimens made with fused filament fabrication (FFF). Samples were printed with differing layer thickness and tensile tested according to ASTM D638. The study also found that when increasing the layer thickness the mechanical properties of the specimens for both ABS and PLA decreased. When it came to ultimate tensile strength, the effect of layer thickness on PLA was more significant than on ABS with PETG being in much less significant. The differences were attributed to differences in additive layer adhesion and the effect of the structure and defects introduced by the additive layer process.