Abstract
Since 2014, the Portuguese bus market has been experiencing substantial competition and regulatory environment changes. Nevertheless, further improvements in governance and particularly transparency are still needed. This paper intends to explore how the health and water sectors currently apply sunshine regulation to promote healthy competition and improve service quality and how good practices can be replicated into the Portuguese bus sector. We explore the strategies and tools used by the regulators from these two sectors and propose a simplified template to integrate sunshine regulation in public bus operations. The first steps for applying sunshine regulation were taken by recently enacted laws and regulations that impose the need to monitor contracts using performance indicators or other metrics. With this paper, we intend to take a further step suggesting a framework that uses these performance metrics to increase transparency and accountability in the sector.
Highlights
This paper intends to explore how different sectors apply sunshine regulation and how good practices can be replicated into the Portuguese urban bus sector
A further step was taken in April 2009 to create the British Care Quality Commission services in England, including the National Health Service (NHS)
Carvalho and Marques [28] conducted worldwide research about regulation and the application of benchmarking and sunshine regulation in the water sector. They sent a questionnaire to 279 regulatory entities and obtained 63 responses. They found that performance indicators were predominantly adopted in the quality-of-service regulation (95% of international cases analyzed confirmed the use of performance indicators) and, frequently, the comparison carried out was related to the performance of previous years
Summary
Public transport has a remarkable role in promoting accessibility in cities and urban areas. Public service providers (public companies and regulated private companies) are expected to create public value (sound benefits for society) in line with environmental, economic, and social sustainability principles. This paper intends to explore how different sectors (health and water) apply sunshine regulation and how good practices can be replicated into the Portuguese urban bus sector. This paper is focused on the Portuguese case, we understand that it can inspire other places to adopt sunshine regulation in their urban bus systems. We understand that experiences from past decades can be helpful to enrich the analysis and inspire new solutions After this brief introduction, the section sheds light on the current state of the urban bus sector in Portugal, regarding regulation and performance indicators.
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