Abstract
This paper discusses the European experience with respect to the pricing and regulation of transport services, and it draws lessons for Belgian policy making. We review the role of fuel excises, distance charges and other vehicle taxes, fuel efficiency regulation, low emission zones, etc., and we emphasize the need for new pricing instruments (distance charges, road pricing, cordon pricing) to cope with local externalities such as congestion and local pollution. These instruments allow much more decentralization of policy decisions, but they also increase the risk of horizontal and vertical tax competition.
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