What are the special issues for young donors?

Abstract

Blood donation is safe but not completely free of risks. International studies have shown that adverse donor reactions are more common in young, first‐time donors. There are also some concerns that they may be more prone to iron deficiency due to physiological needs and loss due to blood donation. This study aims to discuss these two issues among the young donors. Literatures search from international journals and local studies on donor haemovigilance data and donor deferral statistics of young donors were studied. Vasovagal reaction (VVR) is the most common blood donation‐related adverse reaction. It may occur during process of blood collection or after donor has left the premises. Both physiological and psychological factors may play a part in the development of VVRs. Data from local and international studies have consistently shown that VVRs are inversely correlated with donor age, and young donors are more susceptible to VVR. First‐time donor status, donors with smaller estimated blood volume and low blood pressure are more likely to develop VVR. VVRs may be precipitated by anxiety or fears. Teenagers have higher daily iron requirements for body growth. Young females are even more vulnerable to iron deficiency because of the additional menstrual loss. Low haemoglobin is one of the commonest deferral reasons for young donors. It is essential for blood services to put in more effort in donor educations and measures to ensure that young donors, particularly the first‐time donors, remain in good health.