Abstract
BackgroundMany conservation management interventions have been set up to bring win–win outcomes for both biodiversity conservation and the well-being of the local communities. Nevertheless, the implementation process of marine protected areas (MPAs) can generate unexpected outcomes and fail to reach its objectives in addressing communities’ challenges. Therefore, it is crucial to have a better understanding of how MPAs influence the socioeconomic aspects of the coastal communities. This paper describes the protocol to conduct a systematic review which aims to explore and review the evidence that reflects the outcomes of marine site protection on poverty reduction in terms of economic and material living standards among the coastal communities in Southeast Asia. The review question is “What are the outcomes of marine site protection implementation on poverty in terms of material and economic living standards of coastal communities in Southeast Asia?”.MethodsThe systematic review uses rigorous search strategies and selection methods based on pre-defined eligibility criteria to identify and examine published journal articles and grey literature that are available on the review topic. Relevant studies and grey literature will be extracted from a recent systematic map of the evidence documenting the effect of marine or coastal nature conservation or natural resource management activities on human well-being in Southeast Asia. We will search online databases including Web of Science Core Collection, Ovid Medline®, Environmental Complete, Scopus, as well as Google Scholar and sources of grey literature for any additional literature available since the evidence map was created. For this review, the populations of interest are from coastal communities in the Southeast Asia region. Comparators to marine site protection will be no intervention and/or pre-MPA implementation. The economic and material living standards, which are the poverty domains, will be evaluated as outcomes. Once we have identified relevant literature, we will perform a critical appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis appropriate to the type of literature found, to investigate the effect of marine site protection on poverty reduction.
Highlights
Many conservation management interventions have been set up to bring win–win outcomes for both biodiversity conservation and the well-being of the local communities
Demand for these ecosystem services has increased, despite the acknowledgment of the marine environment deterioration caused by it. This has led to a global increase of systematic and integrative marine governance especially in Southeast Asian (SEA) countries, which consist of many low- and middle-income countries with richness and abundance of biodiversity owing to their tropical ecosystem [7]
The information may be used as evidence to formulate regulations related to conservation and human welfare in the marine site protection areas which could help increase acceptance of the local community towards marine protected areas (MPAs) policy. This is important as the policymakers in the future may establish more coastal areas as MPAs based on the current trend
Summary
The marine site protection will be defined as the marine sites that are either being managed formally by the ‘national and local government’, ‘non-governmental organisations’, or ‘people’s organisations’ for environmental conservation such as Marine Protected Area (MPA). The map compiled 129 documents that described the interactions across the topics of site protection to economic and material living standards of coastal communities in the SEA region. Comprehensiveness of the search Eleven key research papers that are relevant to the MPA and economic and material living standards have been identified from the systematic map [7]. These studies (attached in Additional file 1) were used as benchmark studies when the search strings were developed. At Stage 2, R1 will retrieve the full paper of the included abstracts Overall effects will be presented visually in plots of mean effect sizes and variance in the systematic review
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