What are the factors that enable or hinder gender equality? Lessons and experiences on gender dynamics in Mexican small-scale fisheries

Abstract

In Mexico, women participate along the fisheries value chain, although gender inequality limits their representation and participation in decision-making. This study aims to give account of the evolving participation of women in the different activities of the Mexican fishing sector and to determine how local gender dynamics can enhance or hinder gender equality. We aimed to identify conditions that might limit the participation of women and their access to resources in 22 coastal communities in 5 marine regions of Mexico. We followed a qualitative methodology conducted semi-structured interviews and daily life observations in each coastal community. Results indicate that gender dynamics varied by region, education level, and age group. Access to fisheries and economic resources depends on gender dynamics and resource availability. In communities with more fisheries resources, women participated in more activities related to the fishing sector, whereas women sought out different economic activities in communities with fewer resources. For women, joining the labor market was also highly related to increase household incomes to alleviate poverty. Different power dynamics were evident in four household management models identified in the communities, and in the ways older and newer cooperatives were managed. Power relations and gender dynamics also change the gender division of labor inside and outside of household, male superior power continues to be a predominant social structure. This power is not only conferred between men, but at times also supported by women.