Wetting Reversal at Gelation Transition Freezes Thermodynamically Unstable States

Abstract

The contact angle of a drop of gelling solution on a flat, solid surface was monitored as the hot solution was allowed to cool. When a solvent with a high cohesive energy and a wettable solid surface was used, a wetting solution turned into a dewetting solid at the gelation transition. The density profiles in gel as probed by confocal Raman microscopy reveal that the adsorption of both gelator and solvent shifts at the transition and the solvent is severely depleted from the interfacial region. Thus, the wetting reversal is accompanied by the interfacial desolvation. As a result of the adsorption shift during the gelation process in progress, a locally concentrated region of the gelator is frozen in space far away from the surface. This is a thermodynamically unstable state but can be realized reproducibly. The profile analysis also shows that the effect of the surface extends out to a few hundred micrometers, 2 orders of magnitude larger than the bulk correlation length.