Abstract
The motion of a fluid-fluid-solid contact line on a rough surface is known to display hysteresis in the contact angle versus velocity relationship. To understand the phenomenon at the microscopic level, we have conducted molecular dynamics simulations of a Wilhelmy plate experiment in which a solid surface is dipped into a liquid bath, and the force-velocity characteristics are measured. We observe a systematic variation of force and contact angle with velocity, which is single valued for the case of an atomically smooth solid surface. If the surface is microscopically rough, however, we find a very irregular local interface shape, and an open hysteresis loop corresponding to a history-dependent force.
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