Wetting and interfacial reactions in liquid Au-Ti alloys / ZrO2 system

Abstract

This study investigates wetting of zirconia by Au-Ti alloys containing 0.6 to 4 wt% Ti in view of brazing zirconia to titanium with pure gold for biomedical applications. Experiments were carried out using sessile and dispensed drop methods under high vacuum at 1040-1250 °C. Bulk drops and Au-Ti / ZrO2 interfaces were characterized by SEM and FEG-SEM with EDXS analysis. While Au does not wet zirconia, the contact angle θ being ∼ 120°, the addition of Ti in Au leads to a significant improvement of wetting due to the formation of a wettable oxide layer at Au-Ti / ZrO2 interface. The nature of this oxide was determined by X-ray diffraction of the reaction layer after the detachment of the droplet from the substrate or after the dissolution of the droplet. The mechanism of formation and growth of the oxide layer and its growth kinetics were determined based on fine analysis of the Au-Ti / oxide layer / ZrO2 interfacial system.