Abstract
Wet torrefaction of forest residues, which is one of the cheap and most abundant biomass resources in Norway, was experimentally studied. Freshly cut branches of Norway birch and spruce were used as feedstock, without and with pre-drying to simulate the drying during fuel storage prior to torrefaction. The results show that both torrefaction temperature and holding time have significant effects on the solid yield and its fuel properties. Increases in heating value of up to 13.0-13.5% and reductions of specific grinding energy of 13.3-27.5 times could be achieved via wet torrefaction. Torrefied forest residues have lower ash contents compared with the raw materials. Pre-drying and especially the drying methods have significant effects on the solid yield.
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