Abstract
Abstract Fresh branches of Norway spruce and birch were torrefied in hot compressed water at varied temperatures(175, 200, or 225°C) and for 30 minutes. The combustion of untreated and torrefied branchesin synthetic air (21% O 2 and 79% N 2 ) wasexperimentally studied by means ofa thermogravimetric analyzer, followed by a kinetic analysis adopting the distributed activation energy model. It appears that, wet torrefaction has significant effects on the combustion reactivity of forest residues. Compared with the raw materials, wet-torrefied branches are less reactive during devolatilization, but more reactive in the char combustion stage.
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