Wet and Dry Boundaries on Cellulosic Textiles and their Influence on Dyes and Dyeing–I

Abstract

It has long been known that brown evaporation marks are often formed during the processing of cellulosic textiles and in their domestic and industrial use. Previous studies of the formation of such marks are surveyed and theories of their origin reviewed. Many of the earlier observations have been confirmed. The phenomenon of browning in foods is also considered, since work on this subject is pertinent to any study of boundary reactions on cellulosic textiles. Practical implications of these boundary marks are reviewed in relation to three specific dyehouse problems concerning, respectively, dyeing of a cotton fabric with reactive dyes, postmercerisation of a linen fabric, and dyeing of a cotton drill fabric with vat dyes. Questions arising from the study of these problems are posed; experimental work undertaken in order to answer them will be discussed in Part II.