Western and Eastern Fronts, Ethiopia’s Claims 1 & 3 (Ethiopia/Eritrea)

Abstract

627War and armed conflict — International humanitarian law — Treaties and customary law — Whether principal international agreements reflecting customary international law — Hague Convention No IV, 1907 — Geneva Conventions, 1949 — Additional Protocol No I, 1977 — Conventional Weapons Convention and Protocols — Civilians — Protection — Allegations of massacres — Bombardment — Attacks on targets indispensable for the survival of the civilian population — Rape — Looting and destruction of propertyInternational tribunals — Evidence — Standard of proof — Serious allegations — Requirement that allegations be established by clear and convincing evidence — Remedies — Damages — Declaratory reliefTreaties — Relationship with customary international law — Whether treaty provisions have become declaratory of international law