Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) infection is an emerging and resurgent arthropod vector-borne disease caused by WNV, which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. WNV infection in humans usually manifest as a mild febrile illness, but a severe potentially lethal neurologic involvement may occur in patients who are elderly or debilitated. A bilateral multifocal chorioretinitis with typical linear clustering of lesions is the most common ocular finding in patients with acute WNV infection associated with neurologic illness. Other less common findings may include retinitis, anterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus and advanced age appear to be a potential risk factor for developing severe neurologic disease and also severe chorioretinitis. Diagnosis is based on epidemiologic data, pattern of ocular and systemic involvement, and is usually confirmed by serologic testing and/or PCR. Treatment of WNV infection is entirely supportive, and prevention is the mainstay of infection control.
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