Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine, metabolic, and systemic disease. It is mainly characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). There is no obvious therapy for PCOS, so patients have received symptomatic therapy. Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) is well-known in Asian countries for its usage in food ingredients and traditional medicines. It is also studied for its many effects. These include activation of immune responses, antihypertensive effects, and antioxidant effects. Using letrozole-induced PCOS rats, we focused on herbal therapy using extract of Allium fistulosum (AF; A. fistulosum) roots to improve ovarian functions. As a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, letrozole blocks conversion of testosterone to estrogen and subsequently induces PCOS phenomenon. We divided six-week-old female rats into four groups, including control, letrozole, letrozole + AF extract, and temporary letrozole groups. In our study, treatment with AF extract shows a low plasma LH/FSH ratio, and reveals high estrogen levels, ovarian morphology, folliculogenesis-related genes, and aromatase expression under PCOS mimic conditions. We concluded that AF extract administration influenced aromatase production, enhanced the estrogen steroid synthesis, and consequently restored the estrogenic feedback mechanism on the pituitary-ovary system.
Highlights
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting the health of many women across the world
primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a kind of ovarian-related disease which is a characterized by a high level(s) of luteinizing hormone (LH) [3]
Using a stock solution of three reference compounds, regression equations were measured for six concentrations in methanol at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL
Summary
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting the health of many women across the world. PCOS patients are usually women of reproductive age suffering from (1) an abnormal estrus cycle, (2) obesity, (3) hirsutism, and/or (4) sub/infertility. PCOS has no evident cause, it seems that an imbalance among endogenous hormones, especially a high androgen level, as well as insulin resistance, could be considered as possible factors [1,2]. POI is a kind of ovarian-related disease which is a characterized by a high level(s) of luteinizing hormone (LH) [3]. Oligo/amenorrhea is the main symptom of POI in women under the age of 40, along with infertility, hot flashes, vaginal atrophy, and dyspareunia [4]. Among the causes of POI, autoimmunity, genetic defect, chemo/radiotherapy, ovarian surgery, and environmental factors have
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