Abstract
Children and adolescents in foster care, the vast majority of whom have been abused and/or neglected, are at increased risk for physical and mental health problems throughout development. The consequences of maltreatment, early life instability, and trauma are far-reaching and can lead to an intergenerational cycle of both maltreatment and placement in foster care. Although it is impossible to disentangle whether the functioning of youth in foster care is due to abuse, neglect, placement in foster care, instability, and/or exposure to other adverse events, this chapter will review the health of children in foster care and young adults with a history of foster care placement, identified protective factors, and health-promoting efforts.
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