Abstract
Based on the results of a previous WHO-CARDIAC study, this study was designed to test the effect of the daily consumption of a diet rich in potassium with optimal salt content, rich in fish meat and soy isoflavones, corresponding to the ingredients of a traditional Japanese diet. The test meals were a Balanced Lunch (BL) with chicken as the main dish and a Fortified Lunch (FL) with fish and soy as the main dish, which appeared the same. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 64 relatively obese men (47.2 ± 5.5 years old) who consumed the lunch at their work site for 4 weeks. All participants underwent fasting blood sampling, 24-h urine collection, as well as measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure before and after the intervention. Body mass index, blood pressure, and HbA1c were significantly improved and a 3-g reduction of salt intake was proven by 24-h urine collection in both groups. Moreover, HDL cholesterol and the Atherogenic Index (AI) were significantly improved in the FL group. In conclusion, the risks of lifestyle-related diseases in working men were reduced by one meal per day intervention of optimally-salted traditional Japanese diets containing soy and fish nutrients with high vegetable ingredients.
Highlights
Lifestyle-Related Diseases (LRD) developing by gene-environmental interaction, are epidemiologically prevented by optimizing nutritional intake, based on the data obtained by our CARDIAC study [1,2,3,4]
A nutritional intervention trial was conducted to confirm whether daily intake of soy isoflavones from soybeans and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) from fish as food could have a preventive effect on LRD in working-age men who are relatively at high risk of these diseases
As a method of nutritional intervention, a special lunch menu enriched with soybean isoflavones and fish DHA based on the results of the CARDIAC study, was designed with optimal salt, fat ratio, and energy content, and the participants were provided a daily lunch after their informed consent
Summary
Lifestyle-Related Diseases (LRD) developing by gene-environmental interaction, are epidemiologically prevented by optimizing nutritional intake, based on the data obtained by our CARDIAC study [1,2,3,4]. As a method of nutritional intervention, a special lunch menu (called the “One Meal a Day” project in this study) enriched with soybean isoflavones and fish DHA based on the results of the CARDIAC study, was designed with optimal salt, fat ratio, and energy content, and the participants were provided a daily lunch after their informed consent. Cardiovascular risk factors such as BMI, blood pressure, blood lipid-related indices, and Atherogenic Index (AI) were targeted as study outcomes. Sodium to potassium ratio, and soy isoflavones were estimated as nutritional biomarkers of a 24-h urine sample to confirm the effect of dietary intake
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