Abstract
An overview of welding methods and process parameters and its effects on mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of magnesium and its alloys are discussed. These alloys are less dense and beneficial structural alloys for improved energy efficiency, eco-friendliness and driver of circular economic model for sustainable design and innovative ecosystem. While the application of Mg-alloys is projected to increase, understanding the mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of welded joints are critical. Thus, fusion and solid-state welding processes of these alloys are discussed with emphasis on mechanical characterization. Laser welding is the most effective fusion welding technique for most Mg alloys whereas, the predominant solid-state method is friction stir welding. The importance of process variables such as heat inputs, welding velocity (speed) and post weld treatments on the microstructural evolution, on mechanical and physical properties of the distinct zones of the weld joints are described. The weldment is the most susceptible to failure due to phase transformation, defects such as microporosity and relatively coarse grain sizes after solidification. The implication of the design of quality weld joints of Mg alloys are explored with areas for future research directions briefly discussed.
Highlights
Magnesium and related alloys are great engineering alloys from research and industrial point of view
There are various process parameters affecting the structural integrity of the welds
The application of tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and a Metal inert gas welding (MIG) hybrid system are stable in MIG arcs, these hybrid welding techniques can be turned into a high quality and efficiency new welding process. [125]
Summary
Magnesium and related alloys are great engineering alloys from research and industrial point of view These alloys have favourable high strength-to-weight ratio [1,2,3,4], splendid electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding resistance, strong thermal conductivity, great damping capacity [5,6] and ease to recycle [7], which is critical to circular economic model. Spattering and discontinuous weld beads are observed in Mg-based materials [20] These challenges affect the structural integrity of the Mg-based alloys resulting in reduced mechanical properties. Few reviews have focused on different welding methods of Mg-based alloys, the selection and effects on structural integrity mechanical properties of Mg alloys [37,38,39,40]. This review seeks to fill in the research gap and critically review the advantages of welding metallurgy and prospects for Mg-based alloys
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