Abstract
Abstract Although welding has been extensively used in the fabrication of engineering structures for a number of years, there is still a decided lack of knowledge among engineers concerning the fundamental factors governing a satisfactory design. In addition, there is a lack of agreement among designers as to the methods of calculating weld stresses and the correct working stresses to employ for different types of joints. This article contains a discussion of a number of variables such as the selection of the proper joint, the calculation of weld stresses, the determination of working stresses and safety factors, and the important features governing a good welded design. An analysis is made between butt and fillet welds in an effort to assist the designer in the selection of the proper type. Theoretical and practical aspects such as stress concentrations resulting from discontinuities in form, fabrication difficulties, welding costs, and distortion problems are considered. The calculation of weld stresses in different types of joints is discussed and suitable formulas recommended on the basis of their agreement with test results, and their general applicability and acceptance in present design practice. Working stresses and safety factors for butt and fillet welds are determined on the basis of static and dynamic tests. A table of recommended working stresses for bare and coated-electrode welds subjected to all types of loading is given to assist the designer. This table is based upon joints made on ordinary low-carbon structural steel. A number of important design features that are essential in the design of economical welded structures are given. These features include the recommended minimum size of fillet welds for given plate thicknesses, the application of intermittent welds in design, and the influence of joint design on the economical fabrication of butt joints. An appendix is attached which contains a number of typical welded-joint designs with the corresponding recommended formulas for calculating the stresses.
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