Abstract
This article presents state-of-the-art welding methods and the weldability aspect of steels, particularly high-carbon nanobainitic (NB) steels, without carbide precipitates (CFB—carbide-free bainite). On the basis of research conducted to date, all welding methods with parameters and weld metals for NB CFB are presented. It was found that the process parameters significantly affected the mechanical properties of the welds, which were determined primarily by the properties of the low-temperature heat-affected zone. The microstructures of welded joints in the heat-affected and fusion zones are also described. The general requirements for welding processes, as well as problems and perspectives for further research, are presented.
Highlights
Bhadeshia and Edmonds [1,2] were the first to introduce methods for designing steel that is characterized by a structure consisting of bainitic ferrite and austenite with high mechanical properties
Austenite can be said to play an important role. It has a film-like morphology and is characterized by a high carbon concentration and high dislocation density and stability in comparison to blocky austenite [5,7]. Such materials are called nanostructured bainitic (NB) steels without carbide precipitates (carbide-free bainite (CFB)) and their development continues to this day
The satisfactory mechanical properties of the welded joints were not obtained and, in order to reconstruct the mechanical properties of the base material, the authors proposed the future use of a regenerative treatment in conditions similar to the Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P)
Summary
Bhadeshia and Edmonds [1,2] were the first to introduce methods for designing steel that is characterized by a structure consisting of bainitic ferrite and austenite with high mechanical properties. Austenite can be said to play an important role It has a film-like morphology and is characterized by a high carbon concentration and high dislocation density and stability in comparison to blocky austenite [5,7]. Such materials are called nanostructured bainitic (NB) steels without carbide precipitates (carbide-free bainite (CFB)) and their development continues to this day (among others, recently published [8,9,10]). The high mechanical properties of nanostructured carbide-free bainite create the possibility of a significant reduction in mass, and increase the durability of structural parts in many branches of industry. Sci. 2019, 9, 3798 reduce the mechanical properties of the welded joints are the formation of brittle martensite in the fusion zone, cementite precipitation in the heat-affected zone, and cold cracking [11]
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