Abstract
The concept of hydrogen energy systems for aircraft is far from a new concept. Numerous historical development programs have produced aircraft of varying sizes, classes, ranges, and performance capabilities, with hydrogen-fueled flight test vehicles collectively completing hundreds of flights. The ultralightweight nature of hydrogen as an energy carrier makes it an appealing choice for air-vehicle applications, though its use is not without several challenges. Nevertheless, hydrogen has been shown in previous studies to be a technically feasible, highly efficient, safe, and clean alternative energy source for commercial vehicles. However, previous hydrogen aircraft concepts were, unfortunately, shown to not be economically competitive at the time. With the announcements of significant developments in affordable, renewably sourced hydrogen as a highlight in the European Green Deal, the U.S. Department of Energy Earthshot Goals, and other international policies and developments, the economic viability of hydrogen for aircraft applications may be changing soon.
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