Abstract
Kabi-Gebro locality of Gundomeskel area is located within the Abay Basin at Dera District of North Shewa Zone in the Central highland of Ethiopia and it is about 320Km from Addis Ababa. This is characterized by undulating topography, intense rainfall, active erosion and highly cultivated area. Geologically, it comprises weathered sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Active landslides damaged the gravel road, houses and agricultural land. The main objective of this research is to prepare the landslide susceptibility map using GIS-based Weights of Evidence model. Based on detailed field assessment and Google Earth image interpretation, 514 landslides were identified and classified randomly into training landslides (80%) and validation landslides (20%). The most common types of landslides in the study area include earth slide (rotational and translational slide), debris slide, debris flow, rock fall, topple, rock slide, creep and complex. Nine landslide causative factors such as lithology, slope, aspect, curvature, land use/land cover, distance to stream, distance to lineament, distance to spring and rainfall were used to prepare a landslide susceptibility map of the study area by adding the weights of contrast values of these causative factors using a rater calculator of the spatial analyst tool in ArcGIS. The final landslide susceptibility map was reclassified as very low, low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility classes. This susceptibility map was validated using landslide density index and area under the curve (AUC). The result from this model validation showed a success rate and a validation rate accuracy of 82.4% and 83.4% respectively. Finally, implementing afforestation strategies on bare land, constructing surface drainage channels & ditches, providing engineering reinforcements such as gabion walls, retaining walls, anchors and bolts whenever necessary and prohibiting hazardous zones can be recommended in order to lessen the impact of landslides in this area.
Highlights
Most natural hazards are frequently related to mountainous regions
The landslide susceptibility map was prepared using weights of evidence model which is very important to manage the effect of landslides
The spatial association between the training landslides and the nine causative factors such as slope, curvature, aspect, lithology, rainfall, land use, distance to stream, distance to lineament and distance to spring were used for landslide susceptibility mapping
Summary
Landslide is one of the greatest disasters that cause different levels of injuries, life loss as well as damages to built-up and natural environment (Kanungo et al 2006; Pan et al 2008; Ghosh et al 2012, Girma et al 2015). Landslide is the Getachew and Meten Geoenvironmental Disasters (2021) 8:6 geomorphic, geometric, hydrogeologic and stress conditions) and triggering (external) factors (rainfall, seismicity and anthropogenic activities). Triggering factors cause slope instability if sets of conditions are met and act on soils and rock masses to modify the characteristics, properties and conditions of slope equilibrium (de Vallejo and Ferrer 2011). The landslide related causalities and economic losses will be greater as compared with other natural hazards in the world (Yilmaz 2009). Proper investigation on landslide inventory and causative factors will help to prepare the landslide susceptibility map which may reduce landslide related impacts on property and life (Brabb 1993)
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