Abstract
Diabetes is a significant public health issue as it increases the risk for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we aim to investigate whether weighted-permutation entropy (WPE) and permutation entropy (PE) of resting-state EEG (rsEEG) could be applied as potential objective biomarkers to distinguish type 2 diabetes patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from those with normal cognitive function. rsEEG series were acquired from 28 patients with type 2 diabetes (16 aMCI patients and 12 controls), and neuropsychological assessments were performed. The rsEEG signals were analysed using WPE and PE methods. The correlations between the PE or WPE of the rsEEG and the neuropsychological assessments were analysed as well. The WPE in the right temporal (RT) region of the aMCI diabetics was lower than the controls, and the WPE was significantly positively correlated to the scores of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) (AVLT-Immediate recall, AVLT-Delayed recall, AVLT-Delayed recognition) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Digit Span Test (WAIS-DST). These findings were not obtained with PE. We concluded that the WPE of rsEEG recordings could distinguish aMCI diabetics from normal cognitive function diabetic controls among the current sample of diabetic patients. Thus, the WPE could be a potential index for assisting diagnosis of aMCI in type 2 diabetes.
Highlights
The incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, especially type 2 diabetes, which has been reported to result in impairment of cognitive function [1,2]
The results showed that the values of weighted-permutation entropy (WPE) for resting-state EEG (rsEEG) were lower in the amnestic Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (aMCI) diabetes group than
The results showed that the values of WPE for rsEEG were lower in the aMCI diabetes group those in the control group
Summary
The incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, especially type 2 diabetes, which has been reported to result in impairment of cognitive function [1,2]. The impairment of brain function in diabetes patients has the same pathogenesis as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [3,4,5]. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) lies in between or overlaps with normal health and AD, with cognitive function (such as learning and memory [6]) impairment but normal performance of the activities of daily living. MCI was reported to be a risk factor for AD [7], amnestic MCI (aMCI). Epidemiological data showed that the diabetic patients had 1.5 to
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