Weight-bearing, aerobic exercise increases markers of bone formation during short-term weight loss in overweight and obese men and women

Abstract

We investigated the impact of weight-bearing, aerobic exercise– and diet-induced weight loss on markers of bone turnover during a larger study of changes in metabolic fitness during short-term weight reduction using a repeated-measures, within-subject experimental design. Subjects (N = 19) underwent 6 weeks of energy restriction (reduced by ∼3140 kJ/d) and aerobic exercise (∼1675 kJ/d, walking or jogging at 60% maximum oxygen consumption) to induce a 5% reduction in body weight. Bone turnover markers and hormones were measured in serum collected at baseline and after 6 weeks of weight loss. Despite a 5% reduction in body weight at week 6, markers of bone formation, osteocalcin, and bone alkaline phosphatase, were significantly increased, and resorption markers, C-terminal cross-links of type I collagen and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, were unchanged after 6 weeks of energy restriction and exercise. The concentration of leptin was significantly reduced after weight loss, but insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) and cortisol levels were unaffected. In conclusion, weight-bearing, aerobic exercise training may favorably affect the balance between bone resorption and formation during weight loss.