Abstract
BackgroundRecent studies have shown that body image perception is an important factor in weight control and may be influenced by culture and ethnicity. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between immigrant status of the mother and weight status and body image perception of the child.MethodsIn total, 2706 schoolchildren (1405 boys and 1301 girls) aged 8–9 years and their mothers participated in a cross-sectional survey in Emilia-Romagna region (northern Italy). Weight and height of the children were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Actual and ideal body image perception by the children and by the mothers with respect to their children was evaluated according to Collins’ body image silhouettes.ResultsThe BMI values were significantly lower in children of immigrants than in children of Italian mothers (F:17.27 vs 17.99 kg/m2; M:17.77 vs 18.13 kg/m2). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was lower, and the prevalence of underweight higher, in children of immigrant mothers than in those of Italian mothers (overweight- F:21.3 vs 29.1%; M. 28.3 vs 31.4%; underweight- F:5.16 vs 3.84%; M:6.63 vs 2.82%). The children's body image perception was consistent with the differing pattern of nutritional status. In the comparison between actual and ideal figures, the Feel-Ideal Difference Index (FID) scores resulted different between the subsample with foreign-born mother in comparison to the native one (significantly lower in daughters of immigrants) (FID- F: 0.31 vs 0.57; M: 0.35 vs 0.32). There were significant differences in the choice of the ideal figure of the child between immigrant mothers and Italian mothers (FID- F: -0.05 vs 0.19; M: -0.35 vs −0.03): the ideal figure values were higher in the immigrant mothers of male children and lower in the Italian mothers of female children.ConclusionOur results suggest that cultural and behavioral factors linked to ethnicity play an important role in the nutritional status of children and in the perceived and ideal body image.
Highlights
Recent studies have shown that body image perception is an important factor in weight control and may be influenced by culture and ethnicity
The mother usually makes food consumption choices for meals eaten at home, spends more time with the children and has an important role in the children’s education; it is not surprising that the mother’s attitudes to foods, weight and shape can affect the nutritional status of her children
These results provide a proxy measure of general appropriateness of the children’s body image perception, even though there was a tendency to the selection of thinner figures in children of Italian mothers or of thicker figures in sons of immigrant mothers
Summary
Recent studies have shown that body image perception is an important factor in weight control and may be influenced by culture and ethnicity. For example, that Caucasian women experience body dissatisfaction at lower BMI levels than black women, whereas black women perceive themselves as normal weight when they are overweight [2,7]. These ethnic differences in body satisfaction and weight-related concerns can contribute differently to a malnutrition risk in native-born children and in firstgeneration immigrant children or ethnic minority children. While body image perception in overweight children has been analyzed [4,15] there is a dearth of research on body image perception in underweight children
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