Abstract
To analyze weight gain (WG) and change in nutritional status (NS) after the age of 20 years in the Brazilian adult population between 2006 and 2012. Time series using seven surveys from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). The analyses were stratified by region, age, sex and education, considering the sampling weights and complex design. In addition, relative weight change (RWC) in the period was determined for each category of independent variables using linear regression models. Analyses showed an increase in WG after 20 years in two vectors: by survey year and age group, where the increase was higher in women. From 2006 to 2012, individuals 25-29 years old (women: RWC = 70%; βyear = 0.54 kg/year) and 30-34 years old (women: RWC = 56%; βyear = 0.57 kg/year) showed greater RWC. In 2012, the higher WG occurred in the age groups of 21-24 and 25-29 years old. Regarding the change in NS, individuals who were overweight at 20 years had a higher probability of remaining in this condition (or shifting to obesity) over time. However, among those who had a normal weight, the probability of not becoming overweight or obese was > 80%, independently of sex. The Brazilian population displayed progressive WG in adulthood, especially in the first decade after the age of 20, in addition to the period effect. On the other hand, individuals with normal weight in their 20s tended to maintain the same condition.
Highlights
According to an analysis of 1,698 national health surveys produced by Non Communicable Diseases Risk Factor Collaboration, it was found that, between 1975 and 2014, the prevalence of obesity among men and women increased, respectively, by 237.5 and 132.8% 1, making the most frequent nutritional deviation in the world[2].In Brazil, the prevalence of overweight between 1974 and 2009 increased from 18.5% to 50.1% in men and from 28.7 to 48% in women[3]
After excluding missing and biologically implausible data (30%), the sample in the seven surveys was composed of 191,553 Brazilian adults between 21 and 59 years old; 51.3% were female, 44.7% lived in the N, NE and CW regions and 70% had 8 years or less of study
We found that in the study period (2006–2012), there was an increase in mean weight gain from the age of 20, with the temporal trend’s effect size being greater among women, according to region, education and age group (Tables 1 and 2)
Summary
According to an analysis of 1,698 national health surveys produced by Non Communicable Diseases Risk Factor Collaboration, it was found that, between 1975 and 2014, the prevalence of obesity among men and women increased, respectively, by 237.5 and 132.8% 1, making the most frequent nutritional deviation in the world[2].In Brazil, the prevalence of overweight between 1974 and 2009 increased from 18.5% to 50.1% in men and from 28.7 to 48% in women[3]. Data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL), from 2006 to 2016, revealed an upward trend in obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) among men (from 11.3 to 18.1%) and women (from 11.5 to 19.6%)[4,5]. This epidemiological panorama included Brazil in the third (4.5%) and fifth (4.8%) place in terms of contribution to global obesity among men and women, respectively[1]. It is essential to study obesity in adults according to the perspective of life cycles, since excessive weight accumulation generally refers to a chronic and dynamic process, with direct implications for the development of other chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) 7,8
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