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Abstract
BackgroundAccurate measurement of ankle dorsiflexion is important in both research and clinical practice as restricted motion has been associated with many foot pathologies and increased risk of ulcer in people with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the level of association between non-weight bearing versus weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion in adults with and without diabetes, and to evaluate the reliability of the measurement tools.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-six adults with diabetes and 30 adults without diabetes underwent ankle dorsiflexion measurement non-weight bearing, using a modified Lidcombe template, and weight bearing, using a Lunge test. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals, standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were determined.ResultsThere was a moderate correlation (r = 0.62–0.67) between weight and non-weight bearing tests in the non-diabetes group, and a negligible correlation in the diabetes group(r = 0.004–0.007). Intratester reliability was excellent in both groups for the modified Lidcombe template (ICC = 0.89–0.94) and a Lunge test (ICC = 0.83–0.89). Intertester reliability was also excellent in both groups for the Lidcombe template (ICC = 0.91) and a Lunge test (ICC = 0.88–0.93).ConclusionsWe found the modified Lidcombe template and a Lunge test to be reliable tests to measure non-weight bearing and weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion in adults with and without diabetes. While both methods are reliable, further definition of weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion normative ranges may be more relevant for clinical practice.
Highlights
Accurate measurement of ankle dorsiflexion is important in both research and clinical practice as restricted motion has been associated with many foot pathologies and increased risk of ulcer in people with diabetes
Ankle dorsiflexion is essential for normal gait, as the ankle first plantarflexes after heel strike to bring the forefoot into contact with the ground, and dorsiflexes as the centre of gravity of the body moves over the joint during forward movement [1]
We found the modified Lidcombe template and a Lunge test to be reliable tests to measure non-weight bearing and weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion in adults with and without diabetes
Summary
Accurate measurement of ankle dorsiflexion is important in both research and clinical practice as restricted motion has been associated with many foot pathologies and increased risk of ulcer in people with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the level of association between non-weight bearing versus weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion in adults with and without diabetes, and to evaluate the reliability of the measurement tools. Ankle dorsiflexion is essential for normal gait, as the ankle first plantarflexes after heel strike to bring the forefoot into contact with the ground, and dorsiflexes as the centre of gravity of the body moves over the joint during forward movement [1]. It is generally agreed that a minimum of 5–10° of ankle dorsiflexion is required for normal gait [2,3,4]. Accurate measurement of ankle dorsiflexion is important in both research and clinical practice to allow correct
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