Abstract

After a brief review of reptilian systematics from the time ofLinneus to the present, those features of Sauropterygian and Placodont representatives are examined, which are considered systematically important today. A comparison between Sauropterygians and Placodonts shows that the Placodont skull possessed only one temporal opening from earliest times, while that of the Sauropterygian can be traced from a form with two temporal openings. Thus, the Placodonts and Sauropterygians are not close relatives. Comparison of Placodonts and Synapsids (Pelycosaurs and Therapsids) indicates that their paths diverged early. Since the skull ofSimosaurus cannot be derived from any presently known Cotylosaurian skull, it must be assumed thatSimosaurus, and thus the Sauropterygians, developed as an independent reptilian line from ancestral amphibian forms. In agreement withD. M. S. Watson, the Cotylosaurs are not viewed as a genetic unit in which all reptilian lines are rooted. In contrast toWatson, however, it is assumed that, independently of the Sauropsids and Theropsids (which led respectively to the birds and mammals) the remaining reptile groups took their origins from the Labyrinthodonts. The “Class” Reptilia is thus not a natural entity (relationship group) but a developmental stage of the amniotes. It is not a “clade” but a “grade”. Apres avoir brievement passe en revue l'histoire de la classification des Reptiles deLinne a l'epoque actuelle, les caracteres systematiques consideres aujourd'hui comme importants sont verifies sur l'exemple des Sauropterygiens et des Placodontes. Leur comparaison montre que le crâne des Placodontes ne comportait des le debut qu'une seule fosse temporale, tandis que celui des Sauropterygiens peut etre ramene a un crâne a deux fenetres temporales. Sauropterygiens et Placodontes ne sont pas de proches parents. Une comparaison des Placodontes et des Synapsides (Pelycosauriens et Therapsides) prouve que leurs chemins se sont deja separes tres tot. Comme on ne peut faire deriver le crâne deSimosaurus d'aucun crâne de Cotylosaurien connu, il faut admettre queSimosaurus et par consequence les Sauropterygiens constituent une lignee de Reptiles issue independamment de formes amphibiennes. AvecD. M. S. Watson, nous ne considerons pas les Cotylosauriens comme une unite genetique, dans laquelle toutes lignees reptiliennes s'enracinent. Contrairement aD. M. S. Watson, nous admettons qu'en plus des Sauropsides et des Theropsides, qui menent aux Oiseaux, respectivement aux Mammiferes, d'autres lignees de Reptiles ont tire independamment leur origine parmi les Labyrinthodontes. La classe des Reptiles n'est pas un groupe naturel, mais un stade evolutif des Amniotes. Elle n'est pas un «clade» mais un «grade».

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