Abstract
Intercropping provides several benefits to the agro-ecosystem and plays an important role in Integrated Weed Management (IWM). In this study, we investigated the impact of living mulch in cereal crops on weed density and grain yield. Seven field experiments were conducted in Southwestern Germany. Perennial ryegrass and white clover were sown on the same day as the cereal crop (early) and when cereals had produced 3–5 leaves or the first tillers (late). Average weed density in the control plots without living mulch was 45 weeds m−2. Perennial ryegrass and white clover significantly reduced weed density to 22 plants m−2 and 25 plants m−2. Sowing date of living mulch had no effect on weed density. Grain yield was equal in all treatments. The results show that living mulch can suppress weeds without competing with the cereal crop.
Highlights
Shortstature cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)are common living mulch species in German cereal production systems
If sowing is too early or if tall-growing species and cultivars such as Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense Lam.) are used, living mulches may compete with the crop, significantly reducing grain yield [1]
The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of white clover and perennial ryegrass living mulches on weed density and yield in cereal crops
Summary
Shortstature cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Are common living mulch species in German cereal production systems. The term living mulch can be used synonymously with the undersown crop. Living mulches are usually sown between rows of cereals and maize. Living mulch seed can be broadcast over the soil and incorporated with a harrow. The timing of living mulch sowing is critical. If sowing is too early or if tall-growing species and cultivars such as Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense Lam.) are used, living mulches may compete with the crop, significantly reducing grain yield [1]. If sowing is too late, the crop may completely suppress the living mulch, negating its benefits
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