Abstract
A limited number of postemergence (POST) herbicides are available for weed management in azuki bean production in Ontario. A total of three field trials were conducted during 2017 to 2019 at the Huron Research Station, University of Guelph, Exeter, Ontario, Canada to evaluate the efficacy of various postemergence (POST) herbicides for weed control in azuki bean. Fomesafen, acifluorfen and acifluorfen + Assist® caused up to 6% crop injury and weed interference reduced azuki bean yield up to 42%. Bentazon, bentazon Forte, bentazon/acifluorfen, bentazon + fomesafen + Assist®, bentazon + fomesafen + Turbocharge® and bentazon Forte + fomesafen caused up to 16% injury and weed interference reduced azuki bean yield up to 53%. Fomesafen, acifluorfen, acifluorfen + Assist®, bentazon, bentazon Forte, bentazon/acifluorfen, bentazon + fomesafen + Assist®, bentazon + fomesafen + Turbocharge® and bentazon Forte + fomesafen provided 36% to 88% control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemesiifolia L.), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.). Fomesafen, acifluorfen + Assist® and acifluorfen provided 59% to 83% control of flower-of-an-hour (Hibiscus trionum L.), but bentazon, bentazon Forte, bentazon/acifluorfen, bentazon + fomesafen + Assist®, bentazon + fomesafen + Turbocharge® and bentazon Forte + fomesafen provided 78% to 99% control of H. trionum. All POST herbicides evaluated provide 99% to 100% control of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) in azuki bean. Based on these results, none of the POST herbicide evaluated that included bentazon can be used safely for the control of annual broadleaved weeds in azuki bean under Ontario environmental conditions.
Highlights
Dry bean production is important to the economy and agriculture in Canada
Weed interference reduced azuki bean yield 74% compared to the weed-free control
Weed interference in plots treated with fomesafen, acifluorfen, acifluorfen, bentazon, bentazon Forte, bentazon/acifluorfen, bentazon + fomesafen, bentazon + fomesafen and bentazon Forte + fomesafen reduced azuki bean yield 42%, 37%, 42%, 53%, 47%, 47%, 42%, 37% and 42%, respectively (Table 1)
Summary
Dry bean growers in Canada produced 249,000, 322,000, 341,000 and 317,000 tonnes of dry bean in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively [1]. Ontario farmers produce most of the dry beans grown in Canada. In 2019, dry bean growers in Ontario planted 53,000 hectares of dry bean including white, black, cranberry, kidney, azuki and other market classes with a total farm gate value of approximately $100,000,000 [2]. Azuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] is a specialty market class of dry bean grown mostly for the export market to Asia where it is used in confectionery products [3]. There was an increase of 46% in azuki production in 2019 compared to 2018 [2]. Azuki bean growers need new herbicide options to control problematic weeds in their production
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