Weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of Roztocze National Park. Part I. Winter and spring cereals

Abstract

The study on weed infestation of crops in different soils in the protective zone of RPN was conducted in the years 1991-1995. The characterization of weed infestation of winter and spring cereals was based on 306 phytosociological records. made with the use of Braun-Blanquet method. The degree of weed infestation in the fields in the protective zone of RPN depended on environment conditions. Both winter and spring cereals in majority of soils were most infested by: <i>Cenaturea cyanus, Apera spica-venti</i> and <i>Vicia hirsta</i>. In the lightest podsolic soils, made of loose sand and slightly loamy sand. winter and spring cereals were additionally infested by <i>Equisetum arvense</i> and two acidophylic species: <i>Seleranthus annuus</i> and <i>Spergula arvensis</i>. The crops in brown loess soil were infested by <i>Matricaria maritima</i> subsp. <i>inodora</i>. The most difficult weed species in brown soil formed from gaizes and limestone soil were: <i>Convolvulus arvensis, Papaver rhoeas</i> and <i>Galium aparine</i>. Moreover winter cercals in limestone soil showed high or medium infestation with <i>Consolida regalis, Aethusa cynapium, Lathyrus tuberosus</i> and low infestation with <i>Apera spica-venti</i> and <i>Centaurea cyanus</i>. Spring cereals were less infested than winter cereals. <i>Apera spica-venti</i> and <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> were less common with spring cereals than with winter cereals. Also, spring cereals showed high or medium infestation with <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>. Spring cereals in some soil units were infested by <i>Chenopodium album</i> and <i>Stellaria media</i>. There was also higher infestation of spring cereals in limestone soils with <i>Avena fatua, Veronica persica, Sinapis arvensis</i> and <i>Sonchus arvensis</i>, compared to winter cereals in limestone soils.