Abstract
Field studies were conducted from 2007 through 2009 to determine weed efficacy and peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) response to herbicide systems that included ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated. Control of devil's claw (Proboscidea louisianica(Mill.) Thellung), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats.), and puncturevine (Tribulus terrestrisL.) was most consistent with ethalfluralin followed by either imazapic or imazethapyr applied postemergence. Peanut stunting was 19% when paraquat alone was applied early-postemergence. Stunting increased to greater than 30% when ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated was followed byS-metolachlor applied preemergence and paraquat applied early-postemergence. Stunting (7%) was also observed when ethalfluralin was followed by flumioxazin plusS-metolachlor applied preemergence with lactofen applied mid-postemergence. Ethalfluralin followed by paraquat applied early-postemergence reduced peanut yield when compared to the nontreated check. Ethalfluralin applied preplant incorporated followed by imazapic applied mid-postemergence provided the greatest yield (6220 kg/ha). None of the herbicide treatments reduced peanut grade (sound mature kernels plus sound splits) when compared with the nontreated check.
Highlights
Peanut has several unique features that contribute to challenging weed management
In 2008, ethalfluralin alone controlled devil’s-claw 20% while herbicide systems which included either imazethapyr or imazapic provided at least 90% control of this species (Table 1)
No other herbicide systems with the exception of ethalfluralin fb bentazon or 2,4-DB controlled devil’s-claw better than 75%
Summary
Peanut cultivars grown in the United States require a fairly long growing season (140 to 160 d), depending on cultivar and geographical region [1, 2]. Soil-applied herbicides may not provide season-long control, and mid-to-late season weed pressure may occur. Peanut has a prostrate growth habit, a relatively shallow canopy, and is slow to shade interrows allowing weeds to be more competitive [2, 3]. Peanut fruit develops underground on pegs originating from branches that grow along the soil surface. This prostrate growth habit and pattern of fruit development restricts cultivation to an early-season control option [2, 4]. In some areas of the U.S peanut growing region, complete canopy closure may never occur
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