Webshell Detection Based on Executable Data Characteristics of PHP Code

Abstract

A webshell is a malicious backdoor that allows remote access and control to a web server by executing arbitrary commands. The wide use of obfuscation and encryption technologies has greatly increased the difficulty of webshell detection. To this end, we propose a novel webshell detection model leveraging the grammatical features extracted from the PHP code. The key idea is to combine the executable data characteristics of the PHP code with static text features for webshell classification. To verify the proposed model, we construct a cleaned data set of webshell consisting of 2,917 samples from 17 webshell collection projects and conduct extensive experiments. We have designed three sets of controlled experiments, the results of which show that the accuracy of the three algorithms has reached more than 99.40%, the highest reached 99.66%, the recall rate has been increased by at least 1.8%, the most increased by 6.75%, and the F1 value has increased by 2.02% on average. It not only confirms the efficiency of the grammatical features in webshell detection but also shows that our system significantly outperforms several state‐of‐the‐art rivals in terms of detection accuracy and recall rate.