Abstract
Landslides are the most frequent type of natural disaster, and they bring about large-scale damage and are a threat to human lives and infrastructure; therefore, the ability to conduct real-time monitoring and early warning is important. In this study, a Web3DGIS (Web3D geographic information systems) system for monitoring and forecasting landslides was developed using the Danjiangkou Reservoir area as a case study. The development of this technique involved system construction, functional design, organizing and managing multi-source spatial data, and implementing a forecasting plan and landslide-forecasting model. By integrating sensor technologies, spatial information technologies, 3D visualization technologies, and a landslide-forecasting model, the results of this study provide a tool for real-time monitoring at potential landslide sites. When relevant data from these sites reach threshold values, the model automatically initiates forecasting procedures, and sends information to disaster prevention sectors for emergency management.
Highlights
In recent years, landslides, debris flows, and other natural disasters have been attributed to changes in the global climate, heavy localized rainfall, strong tropical windstorms, and other extreme weather situations
While these approaches could decrease the occurrence of landslides, large-scale control remains difficult owing to limitations from construction, available technologies, and cost
The software structure of the system developed in this study was based on the monitoring database, which is supported by a Brower/Server model with WebGIS and Web3D technologies (Figure 2)
Summary
Landslides, debris flows, and other natural disasters have been attributed to changes in the global climate, heavy localized rainfall, strong tropical windstorms, and other extreme weather situations. The development of geographical information systems (GIS), and network and sensor techniques has provided strong support for the integration, management, and analysis of spatial statistical data regarding landslides. Some progress has been made on the development of an early warning system; there are issues that remain to be resolved: (1) expression and analysis of three-dimensional spatial information; (2) real-time collection, transfers, storage, analysis and integration of multi-spot and multi-type sensor statistics; and (3) connecting the landslide early warning modal with a decision-making model and with information publishing functions, so as to effectively achieve the functional integration of the system. The Danjiangkou Reservoir area was used as a case study to develop a system monitoring and modeling landslides based on Web3DGIS (Web3D Geographic Information Systems), which features three-dimensional spatial expression and function analysis of the ground surface environmental and monitoring spot data. The developed method, which is based on a real-time data transport network among sensors, on-spot monitoring sites, and monitoring early warning centers, is able to collect and store real-time monitoring data, and to integrate monitoring, early warning, and information publishing functions
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