Abstract
Abstract The study presents the structure of weather types for the city of Sosnowiec during the period 1999-2013. The analysis was carried out on the basis of daily thermal data (the average daily air temperature, the minimum and maximum daily air temperature), cloudiness and precipitation. The data was obtained from a meteorological station belonging to the Department of Climatology at the Faculty of Earth Sciences at the University of Silesia. Weather types were established according to weather type classification after Woś (2010). 48 weather types were specified on the basis of a combination of 3 selected meteorological elements (temperature, cloudiness, precipitation). The number of days in the year and the frequency of particular thermal weather types, weather subtype, weather classes and weather types were characterized, and the changeability of weather types was analyzed. Furthermore, sequences of days with specific weather types were described. The analysis conducted has lead to the conclusion that, during the research period, the weather structure for the city of Sosnowiec was characterized by a great number of weather types observed, with relatively low frequency of occurrence. Weather throughout the year was dominated by warm weather types (3--, 2--, 2--), with weather marked as 310 – very warm, moderately cloudy, without precipitation (12.9%) recorded as the most frequent, followed by 221 – moderately warm, very cloudy, with precipitation (11.6%), and 210 – moderately warm, moderately cloudy, without precipitation (11.4%)as the least frequent one. A diversification in the number of particular classification units in consecutive years of the examined 15-year period does not display significant variability. Short sequences of 2 and 3 days dominated the selected sequences of specific weather types.
Highlights
The present study is a part of the complex climatology, which defines climate as a long-term regime of weather conditions, understood both as the entirety of weather conditions occurring and as the succession of weather changes, characteristic for a specific area
Contrary to classic climatology which is based on standardized values of meteorological elements and their extremes, comprehensive methods of complex climatology provide information on the interrelationship of particular weather elements (FERDYNUS, 2013)
The application of weather type classification increase the stability of the weather conditions in after WOŚ (2010) in this study provides a framework the city of Sosnowiec, the length and the number for comparing the study results with previous of sequences of days with specific weather types research carried out for Poland, including were calculated
Summary
The present study is a part of the complex climatology, which defines climate as a long-term regime of weather conditions, understood both as the entirety of weather conditions occurring and as the succession of weather changes, characteristic for a specific area. In turn, is defined as the concurrent occurrence of specific values of meteorological partitions (FERDYNUS, 2005). Applying this approach, with several simultaneously observed meteorological elements at hand, it is possible to establish the actual weather condition. It is the interdependence of meteorological elements and their total comprehensive impact within a given geographical environment that provides a full image of the climate of a specific area and determines its type (PIOTROWICZ, 2010). The source of information on the features of the climate of a specific area includes the weather types observed and their occurrence in time. A weather type is defined as a generalized weather specification, expressed by the features and gradations of selected weather elements (WOŚ, 1999)
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