Abstract
Outdoor tourism and recreational activities strongly depend on actual meteorological conditions. Traditionally, in three studied regions, the peak of tourists’ streams concentrates in summer months. In the present study, we assess suitability of weather conditions for various forms of outdoor tourism in different regions of Serbia, Poland and Ukraine. Additionally, how the location of the station differentiates temporal patterns of weather suitability will be discussed. To analyse the suitability of weather conditions for various forms of outdoor recreation, we have chosen 23 meteorological stations of the national weather networks which represent different tourism areas and destinations. For each weather station, daily data for the period 2000–2017 of air temperature, relative humidity, total cloud cover and wind speed (at 10 m above ground) for 12 UTC as well as the daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation totals and snow cover depth were applied. Suitability of climate for outdoor recreation and tourism is assessed by the Weather Suitability Index (WSI) based on Błażejczyk’s bio-thermal weather classification. The results of research show that passive forms of recreation (sun and air bathing) are preferred mostly in months from May till August or September. For the active forms of recreation, weather in summer months is very oppressive, especially in the resorts located in the south (Serbia, southern Ukraine). Active forms of recreation are preferred there in autumn, winter and spring months.
Highlights
During the last decades, tourism industry has increased all over the world
We have considered monthly and yearly number of days grouped from categories: moderately suitable, suitable and very suitable
The results presented in the previous section show great seasonal differentiation of weather in 3 studied areas: Poland, Serbia and Ukraine
Summary
Tourism industry has increased all over the world. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), international arrivals have raised from 436 million in 1990 to 1400 million in 2018 (UNWTO, 2019). In Poland, in the years 2006–2016 a number of hotels and other tourism objects has increased to 72%. It is about 2% of the European market. In the years 2000–2013 about 55% increase in tourists (61% for foreign and 52% for domestic tourists) was noted, and the last years brought a decrease in tourism activity. In Serbia, the number of tourists has increased in the last 17 years (with decreasing and stagnation phases in the years 2009– 2013) and in 2018, 9.3 million overnight stays were registered which is 12.1% more than in 2017. The share of foreign tourists in the total number of overnight stays in 2008 was 19.1%, while in 2018 increased to 39.2% (Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Serbia 2017)
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