Abstract
Wearable and ultraportable electronics coupled with pervasive computing are poised to revolutionize healthcare services delivery. The potential cost savings in both treatment, as well as preventive care are the focus of several research efforts across the globe. In this review, we describe the motivations behind wearable solutions to real-time cardiovascular monitoring from a perspective of current healthcare services, as well as from a systems design perspective. We identify areas where emerging research is underway, namely: nanotechnology in textile-based wearable monitors and healthcare solutions targeted towards smart devices, like smartphones and tablets.
Highlights
Advancements in pervasive computation and communication technologies, coupled with micro- and nano-electronics have created opportunities for the seamless integration of electronics and flexible sensors
Mechanical, as well as conductive property enhancement has been documented with the absorption of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in cotton [45]
The systems can be microelectronics fabricated on flexible substrates, which are easy to incorporate into the textile [58,59,60]
Summary
Advancements in pervasive computation and communication technologies, coupled with micro- and nano-electronics have created opportunities for the seamless integration of electronics and flexible sensors. Passive textiles only acquires information about the environment [2]; active textile reacts to its environment and adapts in different ways [3]; and very smart textiles may be context-aware and adapt their responses based on the context [4] These three components may be confined to the presence of sensors, actuators and controlling units. Advancements in analog front-end electronics with very high input impedance and a high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) have enabled the use of dry electrodes without the need for gels [6] These dry electrodes when made on textiles can be seamlessly integrated into clothing to achieve an intuitive and comfortable alternative to currently available long-term monitoring systems. We present examples of end-to-end system implementations for multi-parameter monitoring through smart devices, namely the e-bra for women and the e-bro for men
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