Abstract

This chapter provides a brief overview of the types of wearable antennas with high body-antenna isolation. The main parameters and characteristics of wearable antennas and their design requirements are discussed. Next, procedures (passive and active) to test the performance of wearable antennas are presented. The electromagnetic properties of the commercially available textiles used as antenna substrates are investigated and summarized here, followed by a more detailed examination of their effects on the performance of wearable antennas with high body-antenna isolation. A trade-off between substrate electromagnetic properties and resonant frequency, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and maximum gain is presented. Finally, a case study is presented with detailed analyses and investigations of the low-profile all-textile wearable antennas with high body-antenna isolation and low SAR. Their interaction with a semisolid homogeneous human body phantom is discussed. The simulations and experimental results from different (in free-space and on-body) scenarios are presented.

Highlights

  • The wearables are identified as 1 of the 10 technologies which will change our lives [1]

  • We conclude that the fabrics made from synthetic fibers have a lower relative permittivity and tanδ than the fabrics made from natural fibers

  • These differences are attributed to the fact that fabrics made from synthetic fibers have lower tanδ than the fabrics made from natural fibers

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Summary

Introduction

The wearables are identified as 1 of the 10 technologies which will change our lives [1]. They offer attractive solutions in diverse areas including healthcare, education, finance, sport, and entertainment. In order to realize remote monitoring and real-time feedback to the user, the wearable device needs to be equipped with a sensor, processor, memory, power unit, transceiver, and an antenna. Because the wearable antenna operates in a specific environment (on or near to the human body), the effects due to lossy body tissues (as impedance mismatching, radiation-pattern distortion, radiation efficiency reduction) make the design of a wearable antenna a difficult task. Care is needed in designing antennas for wearable devices [4, 5]

Design procedure
Measurements and testing
Characterization of electromagnetic properties of the textile materials
Effect of wearable antennas with textile substrates on the human body
Findings
Conclusions
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