Wearable nonwoven fabric decorated with Fe3O4/rGO/PANI/Ni-P for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding

Abstract

The design of three-dimensional (3D) architectures with different multi-interface and the identification of suitable nanomaterials have significantly progressed in recent years. However, balancing increasing electrical conductivity and optimising impedance matching is substantially important and requires special architecture. Here, we devised lightweight wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with promising microwave absorption performances. Layer-by-layer integration of conducting and magnetic nanomaterials onto the porous structure of the nonwoven fabric was performed using dielectric and magnetic loss to enhance the absorption capability of the composite. The EMI shielding effectiveness of the 1-layer, 2-layer, and 3-layer reach up to 27, 42, and 81 dB, respectively, revealing excellent performances in the X-band. The synthesis of hierarchical Ni-P nanospheres on fibres with heterojunctions and multi-interfaces as polarisation centres results in excellent microwave absorption performance. Furthermore, Ni-P electroless plating and Ni-B chemical deposition were conducted to improve permittivity, conductivity, and permeability in addition to increasing the impedance matching of the EM shielding material. It provides an avenue for the architecture of promising wearable functional materials with superior absorption activity, flexibility, durability, and breathability.