Wearable electrocardiogram devices in patients with congenital long QT syndrome: The SMART-QT study

Abstract

BackgroundIn patients with congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS), the risk of ventricular arrhythmia is correlated with the duration of the corrected QT interval and the changes in the ST-T wave pattern on the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (12L-ECG). Remote monitoring of these variables could be useful. AimTo evaluate the abilities of two wearable electrocardiogram devices (Apple Watch and KardiaMobile 6L) to provide reliable electrocardiograms in terms of corrected QT interval and ST-T wave patterns in patients with LQTS. MethodsIn a prospective multicentre study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04728100), a 12L-ECG, a 6-lead KardiaMobile 6L electrocardiogram and two single-lead Apple Watch electrocardiograms were recorded in patients with LQTS. The corrected QT interval and ST-T wave patterns were evaluated manually. ResultsOverall, 98 patients with LQTS were included; 12.2% were children and 92.8% had a pathogenic variant in an LQTS gene. The main genotypes were LQTS type 1 (40.8%), LQTS type 2 (36.7%) and LQTS type 3 (7.1%); rarer genotypes were also represented. When comparing the ST-T wave patterns obtained with the 12L-ECG, the level of agreement was moderate with the Apple Watch (k=0.593) and substantial with the KardiaMobile 6L (k=0.651). Regarding the corrected QT interval, the correlation with 12L-ECG was strong for the Apple Watch (r=0.703 in lead II) and moderate for the KardiaMobile 6L (r=0.593). There was a slight overestimation of corrected QT interval with the Apple Watch and a subtle underestimation with the KardiaMobile 6L. ConclusionsIn patients with LQTS, the corrected QT interval and ST-T wave patterns obtained with the Apple Watch and the KardiaMobile 6L correlated with the 12L-ECG. Although wearable electrocardiogram devices cannot replace the 12L-ECG for the follow-up of these patients, they could be interesting additional monitoring tools.