Wear resistance of experimental Ti–Cu alloys

Abstract

After using cast titanium prostheses in clinical dental practice, severe wear of titanium teeth has been observed. This in vitro study evaluated the wear behavior of teeth made with several cast titanium alloys containing copper (CP Ti+3.0 wt% Cu; CP Ti+5.0 wt% Cu; Ti–6Al–4 V +1.0 wt% Cu; Ti–6Al–4 V+4.0 wt% Cu) and compared the results with those for commercially pure (CP) titanium, Ti–6Al–4 V, and gold alloy. Wear testing was performed by repeatedly grinding upper and lower teeth under flowing water in an experimental testing apparatus. Wear resistance was assessed as volume loss (mm 3) at 5 kgf (grinding force) after 50,000 strokes. Greater wear was found for the six types of titanium than for the gold alloy. The wear resistance of the experimental CP Ti+Cu and Ti–6Al–4 V+Cu alloys was better than that of CP titanium and Ti–6Al–4 V, respectively. Although the gold alloy had the best wear property, the 4% Cu in Ti–6Al–4 V alloy exhibited the best results among the titanium metals. Alloying with copper, which introduced the α Ti/Ti 2Cu eutectoid, seemed to improve the wear resistance.