Wear estimation of trapezoidal and circular shaped hip implants along with varying taper trunnion radiuses using finite element method

Abstract

Background and objectiveThe hip joint is the vital joint that is responsible for the bodyweight transfer from the upper body to the lower body. Due to age these joints are worn out and need to be replaced by artificial hip implants. Wear is the predominant factor that is responsible for the loosening of hip implants. The wear occurs between the joints due to various reasons. The wear estimation at the design stage gives a clear idea about the life of the implants and also minor changes in the design may also significantly increase the life expectancy of the implant which can further reduce the rate of revision surgery. The linear wear rate is estimated in the taper trunnion surface. MethodsIn this study, the circular and trapezoidal-shaped stem implant is designed, and wear studies are performed at the trunnion junction. The femoral head of size 28 mm, acetabular cup thickness of 4 mm, and a backing cup of thickness 2 mm are considered for the study. The neck taper radiuses at the top surface are altered. Ansys is used to perform the simulations. ResultsAt the time of assembly of the femoral head into the stem, the stresses were found to be increasing with an increase in the top surface radius of the neck taper junctions. However, when the walking conditions are considered for wear estimation of implants the circular implants with the 12/14 mm taper exhibited the lesser linear wear rate of 0.003 mm/year. The trapezoidal implants with the 10/14 mm taper exhibited a lesser linear wear rate of 0.032 mm/year. ConclusionsWear is an important parameter that leads to the revision of implants due to loosening. It is found that with the decrease in the taper radius at the top surface against the standard 12/14 mm taper there is no significant decrease in the wear rate at the taper junction. Overall the circular implants exhibited less wear rate results over the trapezoidal-shaped stem implants. Due to the less linear wear rate, the circular implant has a higher life over the trapezoidal-shaped implant. Further, these implants can be manufactured to test using a hip simulator with the same conditions to validate the obtained results.