Wear and electrical performance of a slip-ring system with silver–graphite in continuous sliding against PVD coated wires

Abstract

Sliding electrical contacts transferring current between stationary and rotating components are also tribological systems. Although low contact resistance and noise are prioritised, lower wear rates reduce material usage, and lower friction reduce energy loss. In this paper a slip-ring assembly with wires contacting a silver–graphite ring is investigated with the aim to optimize the wire material to displace all wear to the ring. Uncoated wires and wires coated with nanocomposite Ti–Ni–C or TiN are tested at 100mA current. Tribofilms, consisting mainly of silver and carbon, form on the wires and a contact resistance of around 0.5Ω is measured for all wire materials. The properties of the tribofilms control the overall performance and the similarity between them, regardless of wire material, is the reason for the similar contact resistance. The Ti–Ni–C coating wear least on the silver–graphite. Both coatings degrade and wear off during testing, exposing the steel substrate. The steel itself also wears, although not at a rate excluding it as a possible wire material. None of the three surfaces fully displaces wear to the ring only. Considering the performance of the uncoated steel wire, coatings cannot be motivated on behalf of either improved electrical performance or wire protection.