Abstract

Over the past four or five years, nearly 200 US personnel have reported similarly mysterious attacks while working in places such as Havana, Guangzhou, London, Moscow, Vienna, and Washington, DC. It seems that every few months if not weeks, another mysterious attack on US diplomatic and intelligence personnel is reported, some as recent as July 2021 [1-3], The acute symptoms include headache and nausea, immediately following the hearing of loud buzzing or bursts of sounds. The illness and symptoms have been called the Havana Syndrome, after the city where cases were first reported. This refers to the range of symptoms first experienced by US State Department personnel stationed at the American embassy in Havana, Cuba.

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