Abstract
Some individuals exhibit a weak satiety response to food and may be susceptible to overconsumption. The current study identified women showing consistently low or high satiety responses to standardised servings of food across four separate days and compared them on behavioural, psychological and physiological risk factors for overeating and future weight gain. In a crossover design, 30 female participants (age: 28.0 ± 10.6; body mass index (BMI): 23.1 ± 3.0) recorded sensations of hunger in the post-prandial period following four graded energy level breakfasts. Satiety quotients were calculated to compare individuals on satiety responsiveness across conditions. Body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), energy intake, food reward and craving, and eating behaviour traits were assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. A distinct low satiety phenotype (LSP) was identified with good consistency across separate study days. These individuals had a higher RMR, greater levels of disinhibition and reported feeling lower control over food cravings. Further, they consumed more energy and exhibited greater wanting for high-fat food. The inverse pattern of characteristics was observed in those exhibiting a consistently high satiety phenotype (HSP). Weak satiety responsiveness is a reliable trait identifiable using the satiety quotient. The LSP was characterised by distinct behavioural and psychological characteristics indicating a risk for overeating, compared to HSP.
Highlights
Weight gain leading to obesity is a multi-factorial problem that arises when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a prolonged period of time
Obese individuals with weak satiety responsiveness had higher scores on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) subscales of Disinhibition and Hunger compared to controls [5], which are eating behaviour traits associated with overconsumption, a higher body mass index (BMI) and when high scores on these traits are combined, opportunistic eating [6,7]
The current study found that a low satiety quotient (SQ) was associated with a higher resting metabolic rate, a greater implicit wanting for high fat foods and higher scores on the TFEQ Disinhibition subscale
Summary
Weight gain leading to obesity is a multi-factorial problem that arises when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a prolonged period of time. Impairment in appetite control has been identified as an important contributor to overconsumption and weight gain [1,2] with one potential marker of susceptibility to overeating and obesity being a weakened satiety response to food [3]. Obese individuals with weak satiety responsiveness had higher scores on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) subscales of Disinhibition and Hunger compared to controls [5], which are eating behaviour traits associated with overconsumption, a higher body mass index (BMI) and when high scores on these traits are combined, opportunistic eating [6,7]
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